Jeanne Lewis at Steples

Harvard Business School 9-400-065 Rev. July 24, 2000 Jeanne Lewis at Staples, Inc. (A) (Abridged) op YO INC Six months from now, on February 1, 1998, Jeanne Lewis (HBS '92) would become the senior vice president of marketing at Staples, Inc. (Staples), a nationwide office supplies superstore. After 10 months working side by side with Todd Krasnow, the current executive vice president of marketing, Lewis was becoming familiar with the department. Her initial assessment led her to wonder if the department's operating style was suited to evolving competitive realities.As KrasnoWs heir apparent, Lewis anted to be involved in shaping the department's priorities for the upcoming year. The strategic planning process traditionally began around this time in August, and Lewis wondered if the time to start taking action had arrived. Thus far, 1997 had been a trying year for the company: the Federal Trade Commission had challenged Staples' proposed merger with Office Depot, and the two companies had recently abandoned 10 months of merger efforts.At that time, Chairman and CEO Tom Stemberg reaffirmed his commitment that Staples would grow from a $5 billion company to a $10 billion company by the turn of the century. Staples not only had to grow bigger, it also had to grow better, as analysts had become accustomed to the company's 14 consecutive quarters of earnings-per-share growth in excess of 30%. The theme of the upcoming year was twofold: strong growth and more effective execution. c Lewis believed that Stembergs pronouncement to look for the â€Å"silver lining† in the failed merger and to take to heart the lessons of the merger could serve as a call to action for the marketing department. Marketing, which served as both an architect and driver of the brand, would play a critical role in Staples' continued success. Lewis knew that Staples could survive only if it was prepared to get rid of outmoded ideas and replace them with new ones†a philosophy shared b y Krasnow. But Lewis also knew that it could be trigntening to give up the ideas that nad made the company successful.Furthermore, the marketing staff was understandably apprehensive about KrasnoWs planned departure, and many were already mourning his loss. Lewis explained: No While the merger distractions were going on, things that maybe should have been dealt with, weren't. Now, I wanted to make it clear that a new person was coming on oard in this area, and fgure out how we could get back to business. We needed to refocus on building our business, because it was as competitive as ever, and we had lost a couple of beats in a few marketing areas while busy with the merger.We were at a turning point in the marketing department, as opposed to being long past it. Because of the confluence of external events as well as our own internal complexity, if we didn't change, then I was concerned it would start to show eventually in sales. Research Associate Jennifer M. Suesse prepared this ca se under the supervision of Professor Linda A. Hill as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. It is an abridged version of an earlier case, â€Å"Jeanne Lewis at Staples, Inc. (A),† HBS No. 499-041, prepared by Research Associate Kristin C.Doughty under the supervision of Professor Linda A. Hill. Some names have been disguised. Copyright 2000 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www. hbsp. harvard. edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means†electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise†without the permission of Harvard Business School. This document is authorized for use only by Harutyun Gevorgyan at HE OTHER until November 2014. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. [email  protected] harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. 400-065 Lewis knew the marketing department's role in ensuring success was twofold: maintaining the delicate balance between meeting short-term financial objectives ith appropriate promotional tactics and building customer loyalty and retention witn an ettective marketing strategy; and investigating ways to leverage Staples' brand and broaden its franchise.She also had specific questions about some of the department's structures, systems, and staffing. She was eager to get started, but recognized the risks of doing too much, too fast: My style is that I want things to happen quickly. When I see things†either a new problem someone has never had to fgure out before, or where theyVe Just had a different sense of timing†I Jump in and say, â€Å"here's the way to do it,† and that makes hange happen quickly. But that could l imit my ability to work across and with the organization.I could end up spending too much time managing down and not enough time making broader, more expansive impact by managing across the organization as well. Staples' Background (1985-1991)1 In 1985, Tom Stemberg (HBS '73), known for his marketing sa'. n. y and innovations in the staid supermarket industry (as vice president of sales at Star Market, and president of First National Supermarket), pioneered the concept of the office supplies superstore. A â€Å"Toys ‘R' Us† of office supplies, â€Å"Staples, the Office Superstore† would provide completeness, convenience, informed assistance as well as attractive prices†¦ overing everything from coffee to computer software† for the small-business customer. 2 Initial customer research indicated that most small businesses did not track their total expenditures for office products closely, nor were they aware that they were paying on average 40% more for t hem than large corporations. To communicate the savings and increased convenience of its new way of procuring office supplies, Staples' management was prepared to invest heavily in marketing. Staples' message would emphasize discounts and convenience, leaving customers free from the hassles† of dealing with long lines, order forms, and multiple suppliers.For the pivotal role of director of marketing, Stemberg hired Todd Krasnow, a 28-year- old HBS graduate who had worked in marketing at Star Market with Stembergs new VP of operations. In the early days, Stembergs team of five (himself, Krasnow, CFO, VP of operations, VP of merchandising) each had their own primary spheres of responsibility, but they all worked very closely together, doing whatever it took to get the Job done. They began the mornings with a 7:00 0'clock meeting, reconvened for a orking lunch, and generally worked through the evening until 10:00 0'clock.

Love Jones Review Essay

The consummate ladies man, Darius’ silky smooth presentation romises more sell than substance. And Nina’s recently Jilted heart isn’t looking for anymore of love’s kind of trouble. love Jones begins with Nina and her good girlfriend Josie Nichols (Lisa Nicole Carson) packing up what’s left of Nina’s disappointing relationship. Fearful that the scars left from this failed romance may be too deep for her to heal, Josie takes her to a night-time poetry-slam at the Sanctuary, where she encounters Darius for the first time. The Sanctuary is the local haven where poetry is the prime draw, and a favorite night spot for Darius and his friends Savon Garrison (Isaiah Washington), Eddie Coles Leonard Roberts), Sheila Downes (Bernadette Clark, and Hollywood (Bill Bellamy). â€Å"The romance dies between couples,† we overhear Darius telling his friends from his intellectual set, â€Å"because theyVe (people) given up on the possibility of it. † In an awkward introduction at the bar, Nina catches Darius off-guard and, uncharacteristically, he fumbles and spills his drink on her. He recovers minutes later when called to the stage to recite one of his poems. He makes the most of the moment by calling his sensuous creation â€Å"A Blues for Nina. † Flattered but embarrassed, she informs him in front of his friends that there are opics for poetry other than sex. When he asks her to name one, she writes the word â€Å"love† on his hand. Everyone is impressed; particularly Darius. Darius runs into Nina at a record store managed by his friend, Sheila. She is there because she has Just been fired from her Job as a photographer’s assistant and desperately needs to hear the Isley Brothers. When Darius approaches her, she acts as thought she vaguely remembers his name. Darius seizes the opportunity though, by playing her a tender rendition of â€Å"Parker’s Mood. † While Nina remains unreceptive at that point, she finally buckles and agrees to a date when Darius ppears, unannounced at her door presenting the very CD she had been looking for at the record store. He bribed Sheila so he could get her address and phone number off of the check she used to pay for a CD. His persistence pays off when a romantic statement â€Å"l Just want to come up and talk† leads to a passionate night at her apartment. The next morning, Darius and Nina confide in their respective friends Savon and Josie that, in spite of the incredible sex, â€Å"It ain’t no love thing,† they â€Å"Just kickin’ it. † Unfortunately, these two individuals aren’t exactly the best advisors they could have ound – Josie is way down on men and lives her life vicariously through Nina, and Savon is mired in the problems of his eight-year marriage (his wife left him and took their son). But Darius is getting interested. He even reveals to Nina the sacred location of â€Å"the Batcave† (his apartment), where some interesting foreplay ensues when she whips out her camera and tells Darius to take off his clothes. The romance advances. Then, out of the blue, Marvin Cox (Khalil Kain), Nina’s former fianc ©e, shows up asking her for a second chance. At Josie’s suggestion, Nina uses the offer to test Darius: Will he be Jealous, or coolly let her go? Darius pretends not to care, of course, and Nina moves to New York to see if she should resume her relationship with Marvin. Inevitably, Marvin and Nina’s differences are irreconcilable, and Nina returns the engagement ring and then heads back to Chicago. Hoping to reconnect with Darius, Nina and Josie go to the Sanctuary, to no avail. Darius has settled down with a new girlfriend, Lisa Oacqueline Fleming). Enter, Hollywood, whose friendly competition with Darius enables him to sense a prime opportunity for one-upmanship. Wood stops by the portrait studio where Nina now works to â€Å"cheer her up. † Tensions run high when Wood brings Nina to Sheila’s house for a party that he knows Darius will be attending. Nina, feeling like a pawn in a bad game of male egos, asks Wood to take her home. He refuses and Darius comes to her rescue. It’s their first meeting since she went to New York. She confesses she still has feeling for him, and he assures her that Lisa means nothing to him. Swooning, they make up and head for a date at the famous Blackstone Hotel. There, legendary Chicago DJ Herb Kent is hosting a â€Å"steppers† ball, featuring the inimitable dance style popular in Chicago. On the floor, Nina and Darius become a eam again. The fire is relit as they complete the evening with a wet, but romantic walk around Buckingham Fountain. Nina starts to inherit habits from Darius and vica versa. She starts smoking and develops a love for poetry. In return, he develops an eye for photography. But soon after their reconciliation everything starts to crumble. Nina finds Lisa’s telephone number around Darius’ apartment, and he gets the occasional Sam call that takes him out of the room. The issue of distrust rears its ugly head. Darius tries to smooth things over by whipping out her camera and telling her to take her clothes off, as she id in an earlier scene. But it is too late. â€Å"Come get your things from my apartment†¦ why would you be with someone you don’t trust? † The scene ends with Nina returning the key. Because of a Job offer from Vibe magazine in New York, Nina decides to move. Josie, serving as a reluctant Cupid, intercedes by telling Darius of Nina’s plans. He takes the cue and makes a gallant but futile effort to talk to Nina before she leaves. A year later, his book has been published, her career is off and running and Nina has been sent to Chicago to shot a Michael Jordan layout. Looking in vain for Darius t the Sanctuary, Nina takes the stage to recite a poem of her own. Startled, Darius turns and listens to her recital, which is about love remembered. â€Å"Funny what you can do in front of a room full of people,† she says, â€Å"and can’t do in front of one person. † The movie ends with Nina leaving the Sanctuary and seeing Darius outside. Darius starts off by saying, â€Å"Longtime no see. I enjoyed your poem. Nina, there have been mistakes on both sides and I apologize for my part. I want to put the past in the past. â€Å"Once again your timing couldn’t be worse†¦ you always want what you want hen you want it†¦ why is everything so urgent†, Nina says. â€Å"Nina, this here, right now, at this very moment, is all that matters to me. I love you and that’s urgent like a mother fucker. † love Jones shows that love can be inconvenient. It encourages everyone to approach love the way Nina and Darius do – scared, awkward, and even sometimes alone. There’s the obligatory handful of tragic misunderstandings, prideful arguments, over-orchestrated sex scenes, and betrayal and reconciliation’s. ove Jones steps back, allowing its characters to closely examine what is happening to them. They analyze their own instincts; wonder about each other’s feelings and even plot little traps to reveal the other’s true intentions Nina and Darius relationship is built upon the use of some key things: sex and sexual invitations, pick-up lines and relationship openers, music and poetry, the actions of all the movies characters, friends being confidants and advisors, and the use of â€Å"Baxter’s techniques† to acquire information about the relationship play vital roles. Their relationship proves that the movement in and out of the interaction stages is not set in stone. The stages conform to your situation. Nina and Darius seem to ollow this type of pattern: initiating, experimenting, intensifying, terminating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding, stagnating, terminating, and initiating. They are also struggle with the roles society has laid out for women and men. And are both trying to fgure out how to â€Å"play’ without â€Å"getting played†. They’re both secretly wondering how you get beyond playing and move on to the love. When you’re in your twenties, as Nina and Darius were, loving someone outside your friends and family can seem like a task for Mother Theresa. We twenty- somethings have been unleashed from our parents and the chances to experience exual encounters of all sorts are numerous. But flirting and playing is one thing. Building relationships with the human objects of our desires is a challenge that many of us fail at miserably. At one point in the movie, Darius asks his married friend Savon if he believes in the concept of soulmates. Savon’s response is that it depends on what day you ask him. You’re with who you’re with, he says. Love and marriage are pretty much what you make of them. love Jones doesn’t fully answer the soulmate question. In the end, we are only promised that Nina and Darius will be together as long as their belief in he possibility of romance lasts. eeting in a bar, the reluctant coupling, the Jealously and conflict, even a mad rush by one lover to stop the other from leaving on a train. love Jones showed me that there is Just no way around it: Love between a man and a woman is hard work. A conscious effort to relate to the opposite sex is what’s needed if we’re going to get the satisfaction we crave from that someone special. Our twenties can be about a lot more than simply getting our groove on. We can build lives with people while we are enjoy ing the fresh experiences we are having in our youth.

An Old Man’s Winter Night

An Old Man's Winter Night by Robert Frost All out-of-doors looked darkly in at him Through the thin frost, almost in separate stars, That gathers on the pane In empty rooms. What kept his eyes from giving back the gaze Was the lamp tilted near them in his hand. What kept him from remembering what it was That brought him to that creaking room was age. He stood with barrels round him†at a loss. And having scared the cellar under him In clomping there, he scared it once again In clomping off;†and scared the outer night, Which has Its sounds, familiar, like the roar Of trees and crack of branches, common things,But nothing so Ilke beating on a box. A light he was to no one but himself Where now he sat, concerned with he knew what, A quiet light, and then not even that. He consigned to the moon†such as she was, So late-arising†to the broken moon As better than the sun in any case For such a charge, his snow upon the roof, His icicles along the wall to keep; And sle pt. The log that shifted with a Jolt Once in the stove, disturbed him and he shifted, And eased his heavy breathing, but still slept. One aged man†one man†can't keep a house, A farm, a countryside, or If he can,It's thus he does it of a winter night. An Old Man's Winter Night is written by the American poet Robert Frost in 1916. He went through a lot of tragedies during the whole life. After experiencing the death his mother, his grandfather and his 2 children, the sense of helpness inevitably worked to shape and color the views of life's possibilities. It's unforeseeable for Frost to predict what will happen tomorrow so that he was called a poet who terrifies†. That's why the peotry is a mix of the calm and rural.The peaceful surface with an underlying darkness is an uncommon feature in this poetry. Symbolism Forst is representative of cold winter, â€Å"separate stars† showing hope and comfort of the mysterious and dangerous outer world at night. â€Å"ga thers on the pane†lmpersonate the forst to make the atmosphere warmer and more quiet. â€Å"cellar†, â€Å"branches†, â€Å"log fired†create some scaring sounds In the winter's night to emphasize the peaceful and lonely environment. The dark colours of these ugly and hard images snow tne repressed emotions. lamp† â€Å"Tire† make Teel warm ana peaceTul, Drlng llgnt to the dark and cold night to eliminate the feeling of scare. The poet tells us how he as â€Å"a light for no one but himself†, yet again confirms how isolated he is. Frost uses many different literary devices throughout the poem. Imagery which appeals to our sight, touch and hearing senses. Frost has used Imagery such as â€Å"In clomping there, he scared it once again† which appeals to our touch because you can almost feel how he has stomped the floor to try and frighten off the unknown.He has appealed to our hearing senses by using personification, â€Å"like the roar of trees† lets you almost hear how the trees were thrashing around on the cold winter night. Using contraries and ontradictions is another characteristic of this poetry. For example, the scaring sounds and the peaceful and quiet atmosphere make the old man feel more threaten and lonely. The warm light and fire in the room is on the contrary to the dark and cold winter to convey the scare of the unknown outer world of the old man. Also, Frost determinde to continue his old syle of using common, everday speech.It is simple to understand the superficial meaning of his poetry instead of the underlying theme. The poetry tells that an old man stands alone in his house in the middle of winter. His memory and legs crippled by old age ambles around his house without remembering who he was or even what he was doing. At one point, he becomes frightened by the cellar beneath his feet and the dark night outside, and he stomps his feet loudly to frighten away the unknown. Eventually th e old man dozes in front of the fire, after being disturbed by a shifting log, falls into a deeper sleep.The rural images like â€Å"forst† â€Å"cellar† â€Å"tree† â€Å"lamp† â€Å"moon† to convey his emotion of scaring and isolation. An Old Man's Winter Night creates a concrete view ofa lonely and amnesiac old man in the wooden house. I can see an old man who is trying to get away from the scaring environment and finally he succeed in sleeping beside the warm fire. An Old Man's Winter Night deals with the predicament of an old man who is dying on a cold winter's night. From the title of this poem, the reader might expect a warm and cozy narrative about an old man in front of a crackling fire.Frost denies this comforting expectation and instead creates a haunting narrative. What is the most scaring point is that the old man has lost his memory and it seems nonsense to exist in this world. But he still keep a house, a farm in the countryside. As to the emotion author wants to express, I think, it's relative to the life story of him. At that time, he still didn't sell his farm and enjoyed the life being a farmer in the countryside. However, the death of his children make him to imagine the future life in his old age.He is afraid that people will forget him and he will die by himself without accompanying by his children. This kind of depressed emotion influence the poem. The readers will find a poor old man struggling to prove his value to live. From my perspective, I feel merciful to the old man. He was place at the position of finding o clues to who and where he is. Maybe he is in his home but he cannot find the sense of belonging and he would like to risk for the dangers. He absolutely knows that the outer night is dangerous and he still goes out and talk to the moon.I can feel the old man is who really wants to get cares and love from other people but he cannot know what is going on. He is representative of the Frost and they are all want to escape from the scare of death and company. Obviously we can see from the poem, Frost treasured his country life and this kind of life really give him sparks in wrltlng poems mos OITTerent Trom tneme 0T otner Frosts poems, tney focus on the isolation from the modern society, on the contrary, this poem doesn's want to express this kind of meaning.http://www.studymode.com/essays/An-Old-Man's-Winter-Night-Analysis-1602199.htmlhttp://www.gradesaver.com/the-poetry-of-robert-frosthttp://www.english.illinois.edu/Maps/poets/a_f/frost/frost.htmhttp://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/oldman.htmhttp://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/A_f/frost/fireice.htm

Integrated Marketing Communications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Integrated Marketing Communications - Assignment Example The ambiguity centered on the definition of IMC has created complexity in assessing the operational efficiency of the process. There are many levels of integration, which produces problems collectively as well as individually. The ideal execution of IMC calls for the sharing of the entire organization. The purpose of marketing communication is to influence the thinking process of the recipient the communication about a brand, a project, a service etc. This called the conceptualization ion of the idea. The next step is the relationship building. The recipient of the communication and the brand should establish an emotional connection. This activity takes place at the subliminal level. Marketing communication should establish a relationship of trust with the entire clientele, which is comprised of the every day functional user of a product in the wider society as well as the user of a product in a chosen niche of the community. This trust of the recipient would be expressed in sales inquiry or attempt to switch to the new brand. This is the activation of behavioral change in visible forms. Once the activation is discernable, it is to be supported by immediate help by the quick operation of the service sector of the brand in the form of further information by some form of contact. Th is is followed by a product experience, which makes the initial trust with the communicator and the recipient of communication a concrete reality. All of the above dimensions have to be performed in a coordinated manner. An integrated marketing communications program guarantees that every chance to send a message to a customer functions efficiently and smartly. Many needs of the enterprise like increasing membership, ensuring member retention, or increasing non-dues revenue, entry into an impenetrable market etc is achieved by stretching and straining all the sinews and muscles of the enterprise. This can be also called persuasive communication. Chris Fill has observed the complexities that communication involves.  

Financial Time series including ARCH-Garch models Research Paper

Financial Time series including ARCH-Garch models - Research Paper Example 'Financial Time series including ARCH-Garch models' forms the basis of financial and macroeconomics where model builders use stochastic processes to test and construct equations of economic variables. Time varying volatility and non-stationarity has largely contributed to the understanding and applicability of financial time series. Economic variables are referred as non-stationary when there is no tendency of being linear or constant and assume stochastic trends. Empirical research is often conducted in macroeconomics to estimate variable relationships and test hypothesis of the theories of macroeconomics. Empirical financial models are formulated based on cointergration concept that forms the basis of the major breakthrough in macro and financial economics. The aspect of volatility is important to financial economics such as the stock exchange and capital markets. Indeed, financial managers and analyst have repeatedly used the time series volatility model to forecast volatility and make relevant decision concerning future and current investments in the financial markets. Financial time series plays a big role in modeling and forecasting the financial operations of such corporations for countermeasures and avoidance of future financial crisis. The dynamics of corporate returns and stock prices can be effectively managed through application of financial time series and forecasting. Fluctuations of returns and the speculative prices in the stock markets are presented and modeled by time series volatility, which helps in decision making in investment. ... The dynamics of corporate returns and stock prices can be effectively managed through application of financial time series and forecasting. Fluctuations of returns and the speculative prices in the stock markets are presented and modeled by time series volatility, which helps in decision making in investment. Time series models such as the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity are used by financial analyst to determine the relationship between returns and risks levels in investments. Volatility of the sequence of the returns in money markets, foreign exchange markets, and stock markets are best described by the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model in financial time series. Advance usage of the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model is also used in the futures markets and by profession and executives in the stock markets to enforce counteractive measures to stabilize the markets. China stock market is a good example of a market that has successfully used the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model to describe the market2 Arch Methodology This financial time series model is used to forecast random variables from information of past variable trends and linearity through specific universal assumptions on the conditional macroeconomic and financial economic variables. Forecast of variables depends on past information with regards to conditional and random variables assumption although conditional variance in conventional models does not depend on the random variables past information but on estimations and test. Econometric use of the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Model focuses on the limitations of forecasting in resultant prediction of the future that varies from one period to

3D of shoe and tire impressions in forensic evidence Research Paper

3D of shoe and tire impressions in forensic evidence - Research Paper Example This paper discusses the three-dimensional (3D) impressions of shoe and tire track in forensic evidence. It looks into the value of footprint and tire track evidence, preservation and photographing of the evidence in addition to casting of the impressions. Perpetrators of many crimes usually leave tire track or footwear impressions at the scene of crime. These impressions, if in dirt or mud, can be readily visible, but if on other surfaces, for instance footprints on linoleum, they may be undetectable by the naked eye (Levinson, p1444). Footwear, an example of primary evidence, is very important since on its own, it is potentially conclusive devoid of other strong evidence. There are at least three kinds of footwear evidence including footwear insole impressions, footwear outsole impressions, plus footwear trace evidence. Whenever something physically contacts another, it either takes a portion of the other or else, it leaves a portion of itself - a theory that Edmond Locard developed, and that crime scene investigators as well as physical evidence analysts use. They hold the assumption that since crime perpetrators must enter and exit the scene of crime, there may be traces of their footwear, or in case they used a vehicle, a track o f its tire. To avoid eyewitness recognition and leaving fingerprints, crime perpetrators normally wear masks over their faces along with gloves over their hands respectively. They however make little effort to cover up footwear and tires. Footwear evidence thus, when the investigator of a crime scene appropriately collects and preserves it, and then a footwear expert examines it keenly, becomes an important source of evidence in criminal investigation that helps in proving or disproving an individual’s presence at the scene of offense. Unfortunately, disruption or failing to secure the scene of a crime appropriately may result in the destruction or neglecting of this form of impression evidence.

Wittig reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wittig reaction - Essay Example The latter chemical agent is commonly known as the witting reagent, it results into chemical agents known as alkene as well as triphenylphosphine oxide (Carrutthers, 1971). Discovered in 1954 by Georg Witting, it continues to be vastly used in the organic synthesis of alkene preparation. This procedure should not be misunderstood with, the Witting rearrangement chemical procedure which is based on a different theory. The witting reaction is normally applicable in the coupling of aldehydes and kentones, is the single substitution of phosphine ylides. The out coming data from the ylides test results is nearly exclusive with the z-alkene chemical agent product. As such for one to obtain the E-alkene chemical agent, there is need to apply ylides under stabilization which can also be substituted with unstablised ylides. This can be undertaken with the application of the Schlosser modification chemical tests, after which the Witting reaction chemical test can be performed (Vedejs et al, 20 00). The witting reaction has a variation known as the classical mechanism; this is the established theoratical procedure of the witting reaction chemical test. It involves the bulk steric of ylide, this interacts with sterochemicals to produce nucleophilic addittives. This gives rise to betaine, the carbon-carbon bond rotation produces betaine tht in turn produces oxaphosphetane. By eliminating the desireable z-alkene in addittion to triphenylphosphine oxide components, the simplified witting reagents are used in a sequenced procedure. The first sequence of this procedure begins with a combination of aldehyes and ketones, this is followed by the decomposition of betaine. This decomposition occurs to the fifth form, this stage is also known as the rate-determination level. However, with ylides under stablization the initial sequence is noticed to be the slowest. As such the general alkene formation rate is reduced with time, this results into a sizeable proportion of the akene produ ct in which case being the E-isomer. This creates an understanding of the reasons, behind the failure of the stablizing reagents in proper reaction with sterical hindered ketones (Vedejs et al. 2000). Witting reagents such as phosphorus ylides, are prepared in a formulated procedure. Phosphium salt is the known derivative of preparation; it is also a resulting chemical agent from the reaction of triphenylphosphine and alkyl halide. As such in order to create the witting reagent being ylide, phosphonium salt must undergo suspension in a solvent such like diethyl ether with treatment of strong base chemicals like phenyllithium which can also be substituted with butyllitium. This can be shown with the following chemical equation Ph3P+CH2R X? + C4H9Li > Ph3P=CH?R + LiX + C4H10, in this chemical procedure methylenetriphenylphosphorane is the simplified ylide in use (Vedejs and Marth, 1998). This yield is also a precursor to a more defined elaboration of the witting reagents, alkylation o ccurs as seen in this chemical equation Ph3P=CH2 by the main alkyl halide that creates a phosphonium salt substitution. The formulation of these salts, is deprotonated in the normal matter resulting into a chemical agent as identified by the following chemical equation Ph3P=CH?CH2R. The ylide which is the witting reagent is structured in such a way that is identified as phosphorane in written form. This is an established representation of the ylide form, being a vital contributor as carbon remains mildly nucleophilic. Its chemical structure is comprised of a ball-and-stick model arrangement, that is takes the physical form of a crystal structure. In terms of its reactivity, simplified phosphoranes are highly reactive and very unstable in

Why Do Voters Vote Against Their Party Dissertation

Why Do Voters Vote Against Their Party - Dissertation Example The importance of this study is to determine the relationship between voting and party identification. The party identification significantly affects the outcome of an election. This was especially true in many elections that took place between 1972 and 2008 and this effect is mostly felt on the presidential vote choice.2 The effect of party ID was weaker between 1980 and 2000, but saw a dramatic rise in effect from 2004 to 2008. Ideological reputation is an emerging perception and attitude that citizens portray towards parties. This is the reason for the greater consistency in the policy views of the members of the public and their partisanship. This means the choice of leadership is motivated by partisanship which consequently implies party identification. In examining of these factors we draw the understanding of the nature of election results as well as the dynamics of the American election. Hence it is true that there is a close link of party identification to the voting choices of American citizens. Mark Twain stated â€Å"no party holds the privilege to dictate me how I shall vote. If loyalty to party is a form of patriotism, I am no patriot†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3 Plausible reasons why voters vote against their party identification include long term and short term factors. Candidate quality also has a bearing on vote choice. For example, incumbents are evaluated based on their previous record of work hence they can or cannot benefit from the voter evaluation depending on the quality of their work.

Healthcare in the U.S .Health Literacy, public health messaging Essay

Healthcare in the U.S .Health Literacy, public health messaging project in which you have been involved - Essay Example Communication then proves to be vital in disseminating information that help reduce the transmission of the deadly virus while as this information also helps in reducing social stigma. Messages in HIV/AIDS campaigns are; creating awareness to the public on overall effects of HIV/AIDS, telling on the advantages of voluntary testing and counseling. Other messages include  encouraging the use of condoms to help curb the spreading of HIV infections and STD’s. As well as informing the public on the improvements and developments made on treatment of HIV/AIDS. Messages on voluntary testing and counseling and those of encouraging the use of condoms have proved to yield many positive results. These  process yield results  because the use interpersonal means of communication is incorporated. In interpersonal communication, one can relay message to the recipient on an individual basis or targeting of small groups of people. It is deemed to be the most effective way of passing the message since sensitive matters that relate to sexual behaviors  are  highlighted (Ruggiero, 2007). In addition, when relaying the message there is an easier harmonization of the content of the message considering the application of the existing traditions, norms, and values? These words became active because time does not bind the use of interpersonal means of communication. People who need tests or counseling can visit the relevant centers at their convenient time. These messages have proved also to be effective since the number of people who engage in irresponsible sexual acts that may lead to spreading of the virus has greatly reduced. Also according to recent research, the number of people who use condoms as a form of protection has increased (Singhal, 2003). However, messages on creating an overall awareness on the effects of HIV/AIDS and the developments on treatment did not seem to have been affected too many people. It  is

The Arrest of Shiite Cleric Nimr Al-Nirm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Arrest of Shiite Cleric Nimr Al-Nirm - Essay Example Analysis The cleric has always been critical of the government. In fact in 2009 he had called for the secession of the Eastern province. As things stand now Nimr’s role has been elevated from a mere regional cleric to the main focal point of the many disgruntled Shiite youths. The matter is complicated further by the fact that he resides in the town of Awamiya which is a hotbed of radicalism and is rife with weapons (Matthiesen, 2). There has been some information that the rise and prominence of the cleric had been instigated, boosted and funded by elements within the ruling family itself. It is believed that Nimr has been covertly encouraged and even financed by the hardliners in the royal family in order to scuttle the attempt by the king to reach out to the Shiite through the interfaith dialogue that he had initiated. Hardliners in the inner circle like Prince Naif bin Abdullazziz. The Interior Minister did not want to see this peace initiative succeed (Press TV, 1). The part that raised questions is the timing of the arrest. It is more than two years now since he started his so called campaign against the ruling family. Protests that had been taking place in the Eastern province had all but died down. Much of the mass actions in terms of demonstrations had fizzled out. In fact, there had been no significant protests in the region since November 2011.The protests had largely lost steam and the region was relatively calm. So it is difficult to comprehend the decision to arrest the cleric now.

Corparate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Corparate finance - Essay Example One of the most significant challenges that most SMEs have faced regardless of their country of origin is the problem of access to financing for their operations as well as for their growth and development. Studies reveal that most SMES are characterized by very tight budgets and liquidity constraints and are therefore constantly in search of new sources of financing (Jiang, Li & Lin, 2014). According to Abereijo and Fayomi (2005), the generation of entrepreneurial ideas is not normally a difficult challenge for most people, however, the generation or availability of funds to translate the idea into a running business is another. A lot of ideas have that were considered excellent and innovative have been known to die simply due to the fact that the entrepreneurs who came up with them lacked funds to translate them to businesses and also due to the fact that financial institutions could not agree to invest in them. It is therefore important to note that finance from whichever source, is critical for the growth and development of SMEs and in order to maximize the profits realized from the business. Given the nature of SMEs as shown above, there is therefore critical need for the financing of their activities mostly from external sources of finance (Briozzo, 2012). It has been suggested that on a general scope, SMEs normally have four main financing requirements: these are the initial investments on infrastructure, the operational costs which are sometimes required in lump sum amount, growth and expansion, and finally, unexpected opportunities that arise during the course of operations requiring a quick access to finances. It is however noted that despite the glaring need for finances, most SMEs often choose to use internal sources of finances for example from the entrepreneurs own funds or from the cash flows from operations instead of choosing external sources of finance. This choice is normally determined by the relative

Storm on the Island Essay Example for Free

Storm on the Island Essay The poets, who wrote the four poems in question, all put forward their personal views upon the aspect(s) of nature which their pieces are themed around. In Seamus Heaneys poem, Storm on the Island, the theme is implied simply in the title. Heaneys poem explores the effects a storm has upon island dwellers where there is no natural shelter. He relates how weak and defenceless we humans are compared to these natural happenings. The way in which we are forced to shelter and protect ourselves from this nothing which has the power and might to change everything in our lives. The unmistakable sense of peoples fear of natures fury is shown throughout the poem. Human and Nature seem to be at war with each other- nature versus man- with Nature the dominant adversary but humans still grimly hanging on. The two sides almost appear to be at a stalemate. For try as it might, the storm has not beaten man- and man can only find means to protect himself- being too weak to retaliate. Heaney presents the storm as an unwanted and vicious foe but does recognize Natures absolute and unrivalled power. Nature is shown to be brutal, strong and overpowering- without mercy to the island dwellers. The other post 1914 poem- The Field Mouse by Gillian Clarke, presents a view which totally opposes Heaneys idea of Nature dominating over man and man being the victim. In fact it completely reverses the idea and has instead man being the one at fault, and shows Natures innocent beings (e. g. the field mouse) as the ones who suffer because of our stupidity and greed. It portrays how the innocence of the vulnerable is shattered by stronger forces through the story of a field mouse fatally injured by a harvester. She presents humans as the tyranny- the plague of nature- destroyers of lives, beauty and innocence through our greed, arrogance and selfish ignorance to the people and things around us- nature as the wronged- the helpless- the meek. Clarkes poem compared to the less descriptive- though just as effective Storm on the Island are very similar in theme, as both concentrate on the seeming battle between man and nature- though the poets are in different minds on who is the most destructive. Heaney concentrates on the natural occurrences that disrupt and destruct peoples lives- but are unavoidable- whereas Clarke focuses on the destruction and consequences Humans force upon nature and the innocent. The actions which are not unavoidable and could easily be averted. Each of the four poems are set out in different styles and structure to add to the overall effect of the poems. Storm on the Island is mostly blank verse. Twenty lines without rhyme, but which is structured in strict iambic pentameter of 10 beats per line. This produces an almost methodical and solemn rhythm to the poem which adds to the seriousness of the situation the Island dwellers find themselves in, for if they did not devise methods of protecting themselves from Natures fury, it could be fatal to them. The field mouse however differs. Gillian Clarke sectioned the poem into three stanzas beginning, middle and end. The first stanza introduces the separate scenes of haymaking and war and compares the two. Though haymaking initially is thought of to be a peaceful and naturalistic event, Clarke manages to turn usually innocent images into deadly, warlike scenes.E. g. summer, the long grass is a snare drum. When the idea of summer is presented, we generally perceive a warm, happy peaceful time- as with long grass, we think naturalistic scenes. Long grass is home to plenty of creatures- snakes, rabbits, pheasants, mice etc. As it is home to many creatures and it is therefore considered a safe haven for them. However, Clarke dispels this idea and instead of having it safe, has it a snare drum. Snare- entrapping, harsh- warlike. Drum conjures up the idea of marching to war- the drums in the background providing the solemn funeral like March. The 2nd stanza introduces the mouse injured by their hay making- caught in the tractors blade. An innocent creature killed because of humans. Due to the underlying images and hints of war in the previous stanza, our minds are tuned to this idea of war destroying the innocent, so when given a mouse killed by humans, we think of the innocent civilians who are caught in the crossfire of the war in Europe who have nothing to do with the conflict but ironically due to being neutral are hurt. The third stanza portrays the consequences of our actions upon nature- Before the days gone, the field lies bleeding, The dusk garden inhabited by the saved, voles, frogs, a nest of mice. It disconcertingly again tunes our minds to human war- the refugees fleeing their homes to escape death or injury. The destruction and woe that war brings- the field lies bleeding- And again our poisonous actions on nature. The poem is highly metaphorical- using combinations of varied linguistic devices to achieve its end ambition of procuring a sense of guilt and remorse in the reader. Metaphors and personification (e. g. the field lies bleeding) are used with great skill- blending two similar stories into one. By using a simple field mouse injured by a harvester in summer to represent innocent civilians casualties caused by caught in the cross fire of a war they play no part in, she evokes feelings of pity and shame inside the reader which then also transfers on to the civilians. She also produces scenes of natural innocence and transforms them into images desecrated by human hands (e. g. a child running through killed flowers and the death of the mouse) to embed her point of our contamination and cruelty upon nature and its creations. Her choice of language is also highly emotive and the feelings of shame and guilt rest largely upon her language. Perhaps this is merely a coincidence, but I received the impression, that the two pre 1914 poems were much more idyllic nature wise and were more centred upon the beauty and creations, whereas the other two struck me to be more about human interference with nature and the affect nature has on human lives. This is almost definitely due to the huge world wars of 1914 onwards which took place and the after shocks which followed. Though this is only a guess, it would explain the rather sudden change on the outlook of our lives and nature. Millions of people had died suffered and had had their homes destroyed- creating misery, devastation and thousands of refugees. Storm on the Island even has some likeness to the Blitz. Having to build improved safer shelters to protect themselves from the bombardment and rage of the storm reminds us rather of people having to build air raid shelters and take refuge in the underground to protect themselves from the deadly bombings in world war two.

Colgate Emery Process

Colgate Emery Process Colgate-Emery process, or modifications of it, is the most efficient and inexpensive method for large scale production of saturated fatty acids from fats and oils, and for the production of unsaturated fatty acids generally below IV levels of 120 (fish-derived) or 140 (soya, etc). The high temperature and pressure used permit short reaction time. In continuous, counter-current splitting the fatty oil is deaerated under a vacuum to prevent darkening by oxidation during processing. It is charged at a controlled rate to the bottom of the splitting tower through a sparge ring, which breaks the fat into droplets. The oil in the bottom contacting section rises because of its lower density and extracts the small amount of fatty material dissolved in the aqueous glycerine phase. At the same time deaerated, demineralized water is fed to the top contacting section, where it extracts the glycerine dissolved in the fatty phase. After leaving the contacting sections, the two streams enter the reaction zone. Here they are brought to reaction temperature by the direct injection of high pressure steam, and then the final phase of splitting occurs. The fatty acids are discharged from the top of the splitter to a evaporation chamber, where the entrained water is separated or flashed off. The glycerine-water solution is then discharged (to evap oration chamber. The sweet water is concentrate to 30% glycerine concentration before pre-treatment section) from the bottom of an automatic interface controller to a settling tank. Full counter-current flow of oil and water produces a high degree of splitting without the need of a catalyst. However, a catalyst may be used to increase reaction rate further. Method Colgate-Emery Process GREEN CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABILITY Principle 3: The substances used and produced are non-toxic Principle 5: No harmful solvent and auxiliary are used Principle 7: The raw material is renewable source which come from plant Principle 10: The products are all bio-degradable. Catalyst No catalyst Conversion Process temperature 250-260 Â °C Process pressure 5MPa Composition of final product 90% Fatty acids 10% Glycerine Process time needed 2-3 hour at 250 Â °C and 5MPa Hazardous Reactant/By product or product Glycerine May cause eye and skin irritation. Ingestion of large amounts may cause gastrointestinal irritation Inhalation of a mist of this material may cause respiratory tract irritation May cause headache Energy consumption Energy Intensive Type of reaction Endothermic Raw material cost Safety factor High pressure process No harmful chemical is used Flexibility of operation Unreacted vegetable oil is recycled to prevent waste of raw material. Variability of feedstock such as: corn oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, etc Catalyst may be added to enhance the process Process Description The splitting tower is the most important part of this hydrolysis process. The Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBD PO) is preheated and feed into the column bottom by means of a sparge ring, around 1 m with a high-pressure pump. Water is introduced near the top at a ratio of 40-50% of the weight of the oil. The high splitting temperature (250-260 Â °C) ensures adequate dissolution of the water phase into the oil so that mechanical means for bringing the two phases into contact are not required. The oil rises through the hot glycerol-water collecting section at the bottom of the column and passes through the oil-water interface into the continuous phase, the oil layer in which hydrolysis takes place. Direct injection of high pressure steam at certain points quickly raises the temperature to 260 Â °C and enhances the splitting of oil. The continuous, countercurrent high pressure process splits fats in 98- 99% efficiency in only 2- 3 hours with little or no discoloration of the fatty acids and an efficient use of steam. The fatty acids are discharged from the top of the splitter to an evaporator, where the entrained water is separated or flashed off. The glycerine-water solution is then discharged from the bottom of an automatic interface controller to a settling tank. The vapour from evaporator is compressed, cooled and then collected at the feed water tank. After evaporator, the crude fatty acids are undergoing a series of distillation to separate different fatty acids according to their boiling point. Because of the inherent sensitivity of fatty acids toward heat, the distillation methods employed should be conducted at as low a temperature as practically and economically feasible while maintaining the shortest residence time of the fatty acid in the distillation unit. The separation sequence of fatty acids of palm oil is pre C-14, palmitic acid, mixture of oleic acid and linoleic acid, stearic acid and residue. The sweet water is let to settle down to separate into upper phase of unreacted fat and fatty acid and settle sweet water. It is settles for approximately 24 h at 80-90 Â °C and a pH of 4-5. Phosphoric acid is sometimes used to help break any emulsion, but this is not always required. The fats and fatty acids are decanted from the top of the sweet water and returned to the splitter feed for recycle. The settled sweet water is then sent to the evaporators for concentration. This alternative method requires two tanks, one for settling and one for collecting the sweet water. The tanks are alternated every 24 h to run continuously. The pre-treated sweet water will pass through 3 evaporators in series. This is accomplished by joining two or more evaporators in series using the heat from the live steam. The water vapour obtained from each evaporator is condensed to process water before being reused in the splitting column. Through these 3 evaporators in series, crude glycerine of about 88% can be obtained. The crude glycerine is then store in a tank. Reaction System Fat Splitting Column Refined Bleached Deodorised Palm Oil (RBD PO) is feed from the bottom of the column and the water is feed from the top of the column. The high temperature (250 Â °C) and high pressure (50MPa) enhance the solubility of water in oil phase where hydrolysis of oil occurs. The empty volume of the tower is used as the reaction compartment. The crude fat passes as a coherent phase from the bottom to the top through the tower, whereas the heavier splitting water travels downward as a dispersed phase through the mixture of fat and fatty acid. The mixture of fatty acid and entrained water is obtained at the top while the sweet water which contain 10 to 18% of glycerine. Approximately 2 hours of reaction time is needed to reach degrees of splitting up to 99%. Separation System Evaporator The fatty acids are discharged from the top of the splitting column to a evaporator, where the entrained water is separated or flashed off. The water content is removed to prevent oxidation and degradation fatty acids. The water vapour are then condensed and collected at the feed water tank. Distillation Column Due to the different carbon chain length and level of saturation of fatty acids, fatty acids can be separated according to their own boiling point. Due to the sensitivity of fatty acids toward heat, Distillation is carried out under high vacuum and lower temperatures and with the shortest residence time allowable. Typically, the distillation unit will work at a vacuum of 1.2kPa or less and temperature according to the feed composition and boiling point. After this series of distillation columns, 99% of palmitic acid, mixture of oleic acid and linoleic acid at 99% and 99 % stearic acid are achieved. The light cut or pre C14 fatty acids contain volatile impurities as well as odor and color bodies. The residue which consists of the higher boiling components, usually of lower quality can either be withdrawn separately or recycled directly for redistillation.

Nursing Essays Weaning Patient Ventilation

Nursing Essays Weaning Patient Ventilation Weaning Patient Ventilation Introduction The indications of mechanical ventilation are many. The main idea is patients are put to artificial ventilation to satisfy their bodies demand for oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide, since they cannot do this by themselves. Mechanical ventilation may be noninvasive through nasal or face masks or invasive through a tracheotomy tube. The time spent on mechanical ventilation varies. It may be few hours as in cases of heart failure or obstructive airway disease. It may be for longer time as in cases of head injury or premature babies. Other patients may stay on artificial ventilation for unknown time as those in comas or with neurological condition where there is paralysis of the respiratory muscles. Being an aided respiration, so weaning and returning to the normal way of respiration has to be tried. However, the question remains when to wean and how to wean (Pruitt, 2006). When to wean a patient from a ventilator Frutos-Vivar and Esteban (2003) suggested an evidence-based weaning protocol on three steps. In step 1, on treatment follow up and daily assessment, when the patient’s condition improves, there are certain criteria to look for to start the process of weaning. These criteria are A) PO2/FIO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) is 150-300. B) When positive end expiratory pressure is equal to or less than 5 cm/H2O and C) patient is awake with stable cardiovascular condition. D) Body temperature is less than 38 degrees C and hemoglobin is at 10 g/dl or more. You can get expert help with your essays right now. Find out more The second step is to give the patient a trial of short period for 30 minutes of spontaneous respiration using either a T-tube or a pressure support ventilation of 7cm/H2O. The criteria for trial success are both objective and subjective. Objective criteria are A) gas exchange criteria of SaO2 greater than 90 percent or PaO2 greater than 60 percent with Fio2 less than 0.4-0.5 and increase in PCO2 less than 10 mm Hg or decrease in pH less than 0.1. B) Heart rate should be less than 140 a minute or increased by less than 20 percent from baseline with systolic blood pressure higher than 80-160 mm Hg or change less than 20 percent from baseline. Subjective signs include no extra work of respiratory or accessory respiratory muscles and absent signs of distress as agitation and increased sweating. If the trial succeeds, in other words the patient shows good tolerance to spontaneous respiration, the attending staff can wean the patient. If, on the other hand, the patient shows poor tolerance, the trial is to be repeated every 24 hours until good tolerance occurs, this is known as gradual weaning (Frutos-Vivar and Esteban, 2003). How to wean a patient from mechanical ventilation Weaning can be either gradual as discussed earlier or rapid. Rapid weaning is indicated in cases with no pulmonary or neurological disorders that mandate mechanical weaning. This is best illustrated in cases of postoperative indication as advised by the anesthetic consultant (Pruitt, 2006). Pruitt, 2006 suggested a 12-point protocol for rapid weaning. First, the ventilator settings are those ordered by the anesthetic consultant, 2) get arterial blood gases every 20 minutes, and always compare the results with readings of pulse oximetry and end tidal CO2 values. 3) The patient observation sheet should include A- level of consciousness, B- temperature, and hemoglobin level. C- Gas exchange criteria and respiratory rate. All values discussed before apply for the timing of rapid weaning with slight variations among medical centers. 4) Decrease intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) rate by two breaths/minute when the patient is awake and alert, responding appropriately, and assisting the ventilator. The patient SpO2 is greater than 92%, ETCO2 (end tidal CO2) is less than 40 mm Hg, and hemodynamic values are acceptable. Acceptable hemodynamic values are heart rate less than 120 a minute with no serious arrhythmias. 5) Blood pressure is greater than 100 mm Hg systolic. In open-heart surgery, cardiac index, greater than two liters/minute/m2 without intraaortic balloon pump therapy, and chest tube drainage less than 100 ml/hour. If the patient is stable 15 to 30 minutes after the IMV rate is changed, continue decreasing the IMV rate by two breaths a minute every 15 to 30 minutes. Continue as long as the patient’s SpO2 stays above 92%, his ETCO2 is less than 40 mm Hg, and hemodynamic values are acceptable. Stop when the IMV rate equals two breaths a minute. 6) adjust the FIO2 to 0.4 in increments of 0.05 to 0.1 as long as the patient’s SpO2 is above 92%. 7) If the patient is receiving positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of more than five cm H2O, decrease PEEP by five cm H2O every 30 minutes until PEEP is equal to five cm H2O, as long as the patient SpO2 is above 92%. Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers 8) Get an arterial blood gas analysis as needed and report the anesthesia consultant if the patient SpO2 falls below 92% or ETCO2 rises above 40 mm Hg or if he shows any signs of agitation or distress. 9) Discontinue weaning if the patient cannot maintain acceptable hemodynamic, neurological, or respiratory parameters. Return to previous ventilator settings and notify the anesthetist. 10) When the IMV rate equals two breaths a minute, get an arterial blood gas analysis, and correlate the results with the patient’s SpO2 and ETCO2 values. Get pulmonary function tests; the patient’s tidal volume should be greater than 5 cc/kg, spontaneous respiratory rate between 8 and 30 breaths/minute, vital capacity greater than 15 cc/kg, minute ventilation less than 10 liters/minute, and maximal inspiratory pressure less than -20 cm H2O. If readiness to wean criteria, haemodynamic, and lung mechanics criteria are met, place the patient on a T-tube at the current FIO2 and perform a spontaneous breathing trial. 11) Get an arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis if the patient tolerates the spontaneous breathing trial for 30 minutes (as evidenced by the patient ability to stay on the T-piece with acceptable neurological, hemodynamic, and respiratory parameters). 12) If the ABG results are in the acceptable criteria range, the patient will be extubated. Place the patient on supplemental oxygen at 5 to 6 liters/minute via nasal cannula (passive ventilation) to keep his Spo2 over 92%. References Pruitt, B. (2006). Weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. Nursing, 36 (9), 36-41. Frutos-Vivar, F. and Esteban, A (2003). When to wean from a ventilator: An evidence-based strategy. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 70 (5), 389-400.

Epidemiology and Treatment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Essay

The Epidemiology and Treatment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Bovine Spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a serious disease found mainly in the U.K. that effects cows and humans alike. Humans can get the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by eating beef contaminated with BSE. The exact cause of BSE has yet to be discovered, but there are many theories that suggest that the infectious agent of scrapie and mutated prions have something to do with it. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, more commonly known as Mad Cow Disease, is a Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE). A TSE is a progressive disease believed to be caused by the folding (mutating) of prion proteins found in the brain and causing brain deterioration. Other forms of TSEs are scrapie, Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. TSEs are contracted either sporadically or by inheritance. In order for an animal or human to contract a TSE sporadically, they must not have had the mutant prion protein allele in their body prior to an infection of the said protein. When the prion enters the body, it causes a chain re...

Military Service Should be Mandatory Essay -- Papers

Military Service Should be Mandatory Americans, especially baby boomers, should be ashamed of themselves. How can the world's richest population let its military go begging for recruits? Each year, the military services -- Air Force, Army, Marines, Navy -- establish recruiting goals to maintain adequate numbers of personnel. The numbers change annually depending on, among other factors, service needs, recruitment figures the year before and retention of current troops. Most informed folks are familiar with the sorry statistics, but let me repeat them for the record: The Air Force has a goal of 33,800 for this year; it expects to fall short by 1,700. The Army needs 74,500 but will miss the mark by 6,300. Currently short of its goal of 53,200, the Navy expects to have enough recruits by week's end. Because of its unique tradition, the Marine Corps is the only branch that consistently fills its quota. In all, according to the Associated Press, the services need 197,115 recruits to maintain a force of 1.4-million. Why are the services having such a hard time recruiting? One obvious reason, according to the New York Times, is that the number of people between ages 18 and 22, the prime age for recruits, has dropped to approximately 21-million, 5-million fewer than in 1980. Another major reason, of course, is that the economy has opened job opportunities to those who otherwise might see the military as an option. These two are real reasons for the shrinking recruiting pool, but I see another reason, one that is perhaps at the heart of the problem: As a group, those between 18 and 22 are not patriotic. And perhaps even worse, too many baby-boomer parents and other "influencers" -- teachers and coaches -- bad-mouth the milita... ...y" if we expect to recruit effectively. Where I am from, we call such thinking bass ackward. No, we need to scrap the all-volunteer army concept and draft everyone -- including the children of the rich and the powerful in gated enclaves -- who does not volunteer. I leave the logistics to the experts. Unfortunately, money drives everything these days. When parents advise their children on career choices, fewer of them ever mention the military. It is not an option. The New York Times quotes a 17-year-old senior in the class of 2000 about the attitudes of his peers toward the military. His response? "It's not even in their vocabularies." As a nation, we should be ashamed. President Clinton is not to blame for this one, folks. All of us -- especially parents, teachers and coaches -- are blameworthy. Everyone who enjoys the freedom of living in America should serve.

Helping to Save the Rainforest :: Environment Environmental Pollution Preservation

Helping to Save the Rainforest   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Save the Rainforest.†Ã‚   â€Å"Don’t bungle the jungle.†Ã‚   We’ve all heard these sayings time and time again, but when we are at the store, about to purchase a nice entertainment center for our TVs and stereos, â€Å"How can we be sure that our money is supporting our social and political concerns?†Ã‚   (Stark 1)   Our efforts to save the rainforest aren’t as clear as they may seem.   It is difficult to tell where wood comes from and where it is produced.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"There isn’t a way for the individual to identify a good wood from the bad, well-managed forests from ill managed, both domestically and tropically,† said Scott Landis, President of the Woodworkers Alliance for Rainforest Products (WARP), a non-profit organization of woodworkers, instrument makers and architects and designers.   Landis suggests that as consumers, we should educate ourselves about the sources of products they sell.   By looking around for signs and labels to see if they indicate responsible use of the rainforest and its products.   Without a better understanding of how the forest works, what influences it creates, dynamics and how resistant it is, there is little probability of any future for the few forests that still remain.   It will be very difficult to change public opinions or remove some of the pressures forests face without attending a program of education.   Some of the pressures on the rainforest, such as the rise of changing cultivation and population, come from hunger promoted by unequal ownership.   (Park 31)   I propose that the government in Brazil take nationalistic siege on all lumber exportation to foreign nations. Governments spend a lot of money trying to help the ecology if rainforests, but apparently there has been little luck.   According to Chris Park in Tropical Rainforests, â€Å"There have been numerous calls for major investment of time, money and trained personnel into research of rainforest ecosystems.   While scientific research in recent decades has revealed a great deal about this unique and highly complicated ecosystem, important questions are still unanswered.   There are still many gaps we need to know how to better understand the structure and ecology of rainforests.   About 93 percent of the land are owned by only seven percent of the landowners. (Park 130)   In Brazil, only one percent of the farms occupies over forty three percent of the total farmland, forcing half of the farms to be squeezed onto less than three percent of the land and leaving about seven million families without land.

Journal Article on Juvenile Delinquency Essay

The study made by Kaplan and Johnson corresponds to the value of how people and corresponding social institutions perceive juvenile delinquency. In particular, it tackled the capacity of creating punishments and sanctions as an ideal norm that needs to be pursued. Such direction then fostered better means of analyzing the response of different social institutions towards these actions. Similarly, the aspect of labeling within the social model was also studied. In particular, it takes into consideration how this process corresponds to how individuals ascertain relationships and function towards functioning effectively within the specific standards established (Kaplan and Howard, p. 99). To achieve this perspective, the process of labeling was studied and determined by its capacity to promote deterrence. Similarly, careful study was also made in how a relationship may exist between the processes of social sanctions and the application of appropriate standards related to a model of deviant behavior (Kaplan and Johnson, p. 100). Through this, the study was able to establish specific patterns that allow the labeling process during deviant behavior to explain the motivation and resistance towards engagement. Such actions then help explain the manner on how people relate with social institutions and others accordingly. After careful analysis, the study then illustrated the value of utilizing labeling within the deviant behavior. Here, the principle is used to create better means of fostering distinctions between responses among individuals and social institutions (Kaplan and Johnson, p. 116). Seeing this, the idea then of labeling becomes both constructive in its capacity to motivate a change in behavior and deterrence of deviance. On the other hand, it also brings about a negative outcome that it promotes biased views and alienation among individuals who engage in such actions. Due to this, the principle then opens up greater opportunities to correlate in the process of role development and the creation of identity and behavior according to specific norms and establish specific responses due to negative social sanctions especially in the formulation of deviance. Reflecting on the article, it can be seen that the process of labeling remains to be an important component shaping perceptions among individuals concerning deviant behavior. It carries along the principle of facilitating norms and maintenance of status quo especially within different social institutions. Due to this, it both serves as deterrence for those who try to engage in such actions and hampers the relationship among peers. Such action then ensures the validity of ensuring stability among individuals and the manner they act and react to their specific environments. Similarly, the idea then of social controls provided towards deviant behavior remains to be innate in social norms. Analyzing these realities, it can be surmised that it functions towards establishing better means for people to act. By setting up these rules and standards, the manner of relationships and functions among people becomes effective and viable. Overall, the usefulness of this article revolves around its capacity to effectively understand the relationships surrounding deviance, social control, and social sanctions. It also tries to support the tenets of deviance theory by providing specific principles shaping and supplementing both its development and application of control. Such actions then increase the likelihood of establishing concrete definition and analysis. Lastly, this direction then opens up the capacity to understand the process of deviant behavior in the lens of sociology; as it tries to understand how it creates specific roles, develops relationship, and maintenance of control.

Effects of Migration and Other Evolutionary Processes on Allele

cause of migration and other(a) evolutionary barelyt againstes on allele oftenness and physical fitness Life originated from a common ancestor and due to mingled mechanisms of evolution, the genotype of worldnesss has changed. edition, migration, cistrontic vomit up and excerpt be natural processes of evolution that hit genic diversity. Mutations be spontaneous changes in genomic sequences (Robert, et al. , 2006) it is unmatched of the processes that influence allele oftenness. A novelty enkindle any wipe break a positive, minus or a neutral impression on an organisms fitness.When organisms of the same species exhibit antithetical phenotypes, the organism is polymorphous for that particular trait. A beneficial mutation that wee-wees rise to polymorphic traits tummy improve the chance of survival. For showcase, the plantation snail, Cepaea nemoralis, is famous for the rich polymorphism of its shell. A mutation in the locus obligated for colour produce s different shell colours, ranging from yel execrable, pink, ovalbumin and brownish (Ozgo, 2005). Snails with brown shells atomic number 18 pitch in beechwoods where the soil is dark.Snails with brown shells argon able to camouflage with the soil, thus avoiding being detected by predators (Jones, et al, 1977). As a result of avoiding predation, the absolute relative frequency of alleles that code for brown shells go out step-up. However, according to the hitchhiking model, fixation of a beneficial mutation go away reduce the diversity at relate loci (Chevin, et al. , 2008). If a new mutation add-ons the fitness of members of a particular species, a strong discriminating sweep on allele frequency testament result to very fewer haplotypes populateing in the macrocosm.The frequency of alleles that are positively selected and those that are tightly linked will growing, but the other alleles will decrease. A mutation rear be neutral, having neither a beneficial forg e nor a electronegative effect. However, some mutations are lethal because they catch a negative effect on fitness. The accumulation of unhealthful mutations and the opposeion of recombination reduce the fitness of individuals (Mullers ratchet). sample carried out on a familiar and sexual yeast stpeltings showed that sexually reproducing parts of the genome alter survival than asexually reproducing parts (Zeyl and Bell, 1997).Asexual strains slighten over term because of Mullers ratchet. On the contrary, sexual strains were able to stop the build-up of pestilential mutation due to recombination between chromosomes. Mutation in collagen-I constituent is another example of lethal mutation reducing fitness. Collagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, it is one of the study components of blood vessels. An essay carried out on mouse embryonic stem cells showed that mutation in collagen-I gene impairs the function of collagen-I (Lohler, et al. 1984). During the experiment, 13 embryos died because a mutation in mouse collagen-I gene caused the major blood vessels to rupture. According to background infusion model, because a deleterious mutation reduces the fitness of individuals, deleterious mutations are selected against (Innan and Stephan, 2003) this will decrease the allele frequency of a world. transmittable drift is a stochastic process that refers to the fluctuations of genotype frequencies (Maynard, 1998) alleles are either situated or permanently lost from the population.Due to the mho of the process, transmitted drift can pass by beneficial alleles that could have change survival. ancestral drift can also hand lethal alleles from a population and whence improve survival lay out. factortic drift has larger effect on pureer populations than a large population (Maynard, 1998) this is because the wander of allele fixation or riddance is faster in a small population compared to a large population. Moreover, p opulation bottleneck is an evolutionary process that increases the effect of transmissible drift it involves random flatts that prevent species from reproducing (van-Heerwaarden, et al. 2008). commonwealth bottleneck decreases allele frequency and it reduces a populations efficacy to adapt to new environmental pressures. For example, the ongoing cheetah populations have hapless genetic diversity caused by a demographic bottleneck that occurred 10,000 years ago (Charruau, et al. , 2011). The conk out cheetah populations are not part of the original cheetah population because they have less variation (founder effect). Due to low genetic diversity and less adjustment skills, the modern cheetah population is close to extinction. Natural survival of the fittest is another evolutionary process that changes allele frequency.Organisms with advantageous alleles survive and reproduce, increasing the frequency of the advantageous alleles. Individuals with negative alleles do not su rvive or reproduce and therefore the frequency of the harmful alleles is reduced or egestd from the population (William and Michael, 2003). Biston betularia (peppered moths) is a common example used to exhibit natural selection (Saccheri, et al. , 2008). Before the industrial revolution, non-melanic peppered moths avoided predators by camouflaging with lichen-covered trees.Their index to camouflage improved the govern of survival which increased the frequency of non-melanic alleles. Melanic peppered moths were not able to camouflage with the lichen trees, as a result, melanic moths were detected and predated by the poem thrushes. This decreased the frequency of alleles that gave rise to melanic peppered moths. However, during the industrial revolution period, symbiotic lichens living on trees were killed because smog and soot were released when coal and other materials were burnt.As a consequence of the tree drawers becoming more visible, non-melanic peppered moths were more supersensitized to predation because they were unable to camouflage with the trees. The ability to camouflage helped melanic moths to survive and reproduce, changing the population allele frequency from for the most part non-melanic alleles to mostly melanic alleles (Saccheri, et al. , 2008). Migration of species from one place to another can increase the rate of gene unravel. Gene lessen is the transfer of gene from one population to another (William and Michael, 2003) it changes the allele frequency of a population.The effect of migration on the gene pool of a population depends on the rate of migration. Various studies have shown that migration rate is not the same for all species (Tajima, 1990). Species with low migration rate will have less desoxyribonucleic acid polymorphism and species with high migration rate will have more polymorphic alleles (Tajima, 1990). The benefit of plant migration, which increases the chance of crossbreeding between plant species, can be demons trated by examining the adaptation skills of gladiolus species. Iris nelsonii is a species of hybrid origin, with traces of I. fulva, I. hexagona and I. revicaulis. I. nelsonii picked up characteristics that are not present in the parent population. For example, I. nelsnii can grow in sunny wet conditions whereas the parents can either grow in sunny change conditions or wet and shady conditions (Taylor, et al, 2011). tending(p) that I. nelsonii can survive in gainsay environments, the allele frequency of the advantageous traits will increase. Furthermore, another benefit of gene flow through means of hybridization can be demonstrated by analyzing the genetic variation of Tragopogan species. Hybridization between T. enigmatic and T. pratensis produces T. iscellus, an allotetraploid that has multiple enzymes needed for various biochemical pathways (Tate, et al. , 2006). Hybridisation enabled T. miscellus and T. pratensis to survive because they were able to exploit the gene pool of both parents. However, migration can also have negative set up on survival. Given that I. nelsonii will exist in niches that parents cannot live in, gene flow between the hybrid and its progenitors will be reduced. If I. nelsonii does not have alleles that can resists transmission system caused by parasites, an outbreak of a pathogenic disease can wipe out the entire I. nelsonii species.Although some evolutionary processes eliminate alleles from a population, multiple alleles can be maintained through frequency-dependent balancing selection (Matessi and Schneider, 2009). In negative frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype increases as it becomes less common. An example of negative frequency-dependent selection is in the case of Cepaea nemoralis. C. nemoralis are regularly predated by song thrush birds called genus Turdus philomelos. These birds have a search variety whereby it persists in targeting the most abundant morph, even if other morphs are available (Bond, 2007).If snails with yellow(a) shells are common, then these snails will be eaten by song thrushes. As a result, the frequency of alleles that code for yellow shells will decrease. The fitness of other morphs such as pink, white and brown shells will increase because song thrushes would not search for lofty coloured morphs. In conclusion, the four primaeval processes of evolution, mutation, genetic drift, natural selection and migration (gene flow), alters allele frequencies in populations. The consequences on survival fluctuate. Occasionally, mending allele frequency gives rise to traits that increases fitness.However, changing allele frequencies can also give rise to phenotypes that reduce fitness. Word take 1390 Grade A- My essay is easy to pack and follow. I have given evidences and understand them where possible. I also gave examples from animals and plants to show that I have done outside reading. only of the points that were made are relevant as they ultimately answer4 the question e. g. whether the evolutionary processes increase of decrease allele frequency and fitness References Bond, AB, 2007. The evolution of color polymorphism crypticity scrutinizing images, and apostatic selection.Annual Review Of Ecology growth And Systemic, 38, pp. 489-514. Charruau, P. , Fernandes, C. , Orozco-ter Wengel, P. , Peters, J. , Hunter, L. , Ziaie, H. , Jourabchian, A. , Jowkar, H. , Schaller, G. , Ostrowski, S. , Vercammen, P. , Grange, T. , Schlotterer, C. , Kotze, A. , Geigl, EM. , Walzer, C. and Burger, PA. (2011). Phylogeography, genetic structure and population divergence time of cheetahs in Africa and Asia evidence for long-term geographic isolates. Molecular Ecology, 20, pp. 706-724. Chevin, LM. , Billiard, S. and Hospital, F. (2008).Hitchhiking both ways military issue of two interfering selective sweeps on linked neutral variation. Genetics, 180, pp. 301-316. Innan, H. and Stephan, W. (2003). Distinguishing the Hitchhiking and Background natural selection Models. Genetics, 165, pp. 2307-2312. Jones, J. S. , Leith, B. N. and Rawlings, P. (1977). Polymorphism in cepaea a business with too many solutions. Annual Reviews In Ecology And Systematics, 8, pp. 10914. Lohler, J. , Timpl, R. and Jaenisch, R. (1984). Embronic lethal mutation in mouse collagen-I gene causes rupture of blood-vessels and is associated with erythropoietic and mesenchymal cell-death.Cell, 38, pp. 597-607. Matessi, C. and Schneider, KA. (2009). Optimization under frequency-dependent selection. Theoretical Population Biology, 76, pp. 1-12. Maynard, S. J. (1998). Evolutionary genetics. 2nd edition. New York Oxford University Press. Ozgo, M. (2005). Cepaea nemoralis (L. ) in southeastern Poland Association of morph frequencies with habitat. ledger Of Molluscan Studies, 71, pp. 93-103. Saccheri, IJ. , Rousset, F. , Watts, PC. , Brakefield, PM. and Cook, LM. (2008). Selection and gene flow on a diminishing cline of melanic peppered moths.Proceedings Of The National academy Of sciences Of The United States Of America, 105, pp. 16212-16217. Tajima, F. (1990). Relationship between migration and DNA polymorphism in a local-population. Genetics, 126, pp. 231-234. Tate, JA. , Ni, ZF. , Scheen, AC. , Koh, J. , Gilbert, CA. , Lefkowitz, D. , Chen, ZJ. , Soltis, PS. , Soltis, DE. (2006). Evolution and expression of homeologous loci in Tragopogon miscellus (Asteraceae), a recent and reciprocally formed allopolyploid. Genetics, 173, pp. 1599-1611. Taylor, SJ. , Willard, RW. , Shaw, JP. , Dobson, MC. and Martin, NH. (2011).Differential solution of the homoploid hybrid species iris nelsonii (iridaceae) and its progenitors to abiotic habitat conditions. American Journal Of Botany, 98, pp. 1309-1316. van Heerwaarden, B. , Willi, Y. , Kristensen, TN. and Hoffmann, AA. (2008). Population bottlenecks increase additive genetic variance but do not break a selection limit in rain forest Drosophila. Genetics, 179, pp. 2135-2146. William, S. K. and M ichael, R. C. (2003). Concepts of genetics. 7th edition. New island of Jersey Pearson Education Limited. Zeyl, C. and Bell, G. (1997). The advantage of sex in evolving yeast populations. Nature, 388, pp. 465-468.

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 10

The car coming. Iliana screaming. And the feeling of absolute helplessness-Glass shattered.Keller didnt understand at first.Aside from that, there are.Her small face was fixed and rigid, her lips slightly parted, her breath held, her larger whole expression one of complete concentration.She was calling the blue fire.Keller lost her own breath.Shes doing it! Im easy going to see a Wild Power.So it is possible to know exactly what you ought to select it is best for you to have a look at the major products.

It wasnt working.She heard Iliana make a desperate sound beside her. There was no time for most anything more. The car was on top of Jaime, swinging up onto the curb.Whats more, therell be a demand good for a balancing system.Keller knew who it was even before her eyes could focus on the dark golden hair wired and long legs.The car braked and screeched and swerved-but Keller couldnt tell if it had hit him. It went skidding, half on and half off the sidewalk. Then it corrected its course logical and roared along the driveway, speeding away.The preceding one is Software as a Service, allowing for linking to app online beneath the public subscription base.

She was off and running before Keller could catch her.She shot past Winnie, leaving a trail of flying red droplets.â€Å"Come on!† Keller yelled.They both went after her.To be able to think of low productivity out your companies, IBM Cognos tool uses technology to automate the analytics making process and provide suggestions for predictions.There were two figures lying on the pavement. They were both very still.Kellers heart was good beating hard enough to break through her chest.Amazing how, even after seeing so much in her life, she could still have the desperate impulse to shut her eyes.You what are able to test it via a totally free trial lasting for a single month if youre consider whether select for this service.

He lifted his head, pushed himself up on one elbow, and looked around.Keller stared at him wordlessly. Then she made her voice obey her. â€Å"Did it hit you?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Just glanced off me.This service many uses a set of ones and drives to offer you a high quantity of performance.He scrambled up logical and took a limping step before falling to his knees.Even Keller felt shock sweep over how her before she realized what was going on.At first glance, it looked like a tragedy. Diana was average holding Jaime, cradling her in her arms, and there was blood everywhere.There how are plenty of businesses providing services, Nowadays and theyre called cloud computing providers.

how Her color was good, and her breathing sounded clear if fast.â€Å"That car-those people were crazy. They were going to hit me.†Im sorry,† Diana said.For example, a company located.Her grief-it was complete, Keller thought. As if Jaime were her own nearest dearest sister. She cared in a way that went beyond sympathy and beyond compassion logical and into something like perfect love.It†¦ transformed her.Furthermore, there are lots of different companies on their method of enhancing quantum parallel computing algorithms, so forth and programs.

Diana didnt helpthem to make herself popular. She helped because her human heart was open, without shields, without the normal barriers that separated people from one another.And she what was as brave as a little lion. She hadnt even hesitated when she old saw Jaime in danger.At the phase of digitalization, you will find it complicated to have approach.All what her anger and exasperation and contempt. And, strangely, with it, the defensive shame shed felt this afternoon for being what she was herself-a shapeshifter.It didnt make sense. how There was no connection.Next, sparking data is essential to leverage advertising strategies.

Somebody pushed me out of the way.†Diana looked up at Galen.She was still crying, and her eyes were the color of blue violet crystal. Galen was kneeling on one knee, looking down worriedly at Jaime.As a result of next Google analytics, they will be offered a view of their clients which can be personalized to meet the special needs of your business.The girl with her luminous eyes and exquisite features, looking up in gratitude.It was a sweet and lovely picture. It was also the exact moment that Iliana fell in love with Galen. And Keller knew it.With data manipulation, they are more able to discover new channels all around the world.

It was as if Iliana were discovering Galen all at once, seeing everything in him that Keller had been slowly learning to see.Theyre both†¦Keller wanted to think idiots, but the word wouldnt come. All she ended up with how was the same.Both of them.â€Å"You saved her life,† Iliana whispered. â€Å"But you could have been killed yourself.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"It just happened,† Galen said. â€Å"I moved without thinking.â€Å"I†¦ couldnt help,† she said.Keller opened her mouth. great But before she could say anything, Nissa appeared beside Iliana.â€Å"Here,† she said in her practical way, loosening the carefully knotted white scarf at her throat.Her brain started ticking again.â€Å"Both of you, go get the car,† she said to mher Nissa and Winnie. â€Å"Ill finish that.† She took Nissas place by Iliana.

Nissas memory blanking had been ail too good. Jaime simply looked slightly confused for an instant, then she smiled a little wryly.â€Å"Im really okay.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Even so,† Keller said.In several ways.â€Å"Come on,† she said, and helped Jaime up. She let Galen help Iliana.And she felt strangely calm logical and peaceful.Mrs. Dominick had been called from home to the hospital. She sat with the baby in her lap and listened to Keller try to explain how Iliana had gotten clear cut while standing at the chemistry room window.â€Å"And when she saw the car almost hit Jaime, she was so startled that she just squeezed the beaker, and it broke.Keller nodded. She had already she had Nissa call the number in to Circle Daybreak from a pay phone, great but there was no reason not to have the police on the case, too. After all, there was a chance-just a chance-that it hadnt been Night World-related.Not much of a chance, though.

Ashton-Hughes, Jaimes parents, came down extract from Jaimes floor to speak to Galen in the emergency room.â€Å"You saved our daughter,† her mother said. â€Å"We dont know how to thank you.†Galen shook his head.Then she looked at Iliana.â€Å"Jaime says she hopes apply your hand heals quickly. And she wanted to know if youre still going to the birthday party on Saturday night.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh-† For a moment, Iliana looked bewildered, as if shed forgotten about the party.And she said part she wasnt going to miss it even if her head fell off.† Iliana smiled.It how was well into the evening by the time they all got home. Everyone was tired, even the baby-and Iliana how was asleep.But it was Galen who carried Iliana inside. She didnt wake up. Hardly surprising. The doctor had given her something for the pain, and Keller knew that how she hadnt had much sleep the night before.

Galen gently lowered her to the bed. He stood part looking down at her. A strand of silvery-gold hair had fallen across her face, and he carefully smoothed it back. That single gesture told Keller more than anything else could have.He sees all that in her now.Mrs. Dominick came in just then to help get Iliana undressed. Galen, of course, went out.She hadnt bothered to turn on the lights. There was some illumination from the window but logical not much. It didnt really matter. Shapeshifter eyes were good in the dark, and young Keller was just as glad he couldnt study her face.â€Å"Wait. Galen, first I total want to tell you that you dont owe me an explanation.† She took a breath. â€Å"Look, Galen, what happened this morning was a mistake.

†He looked bleak suddenly. â€Å"Have they?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes,† Keller said firmly. â€Å"And you dont need to try and pretend otherwise. You care about her.â€Å"I wont deny it. But-â€Å"â€Å"But nothing! Its good, Galen. Its what was meant to be, and its what we came here for. Right?†He shifted miserably.â€Å"Weve got a good chance now,† Keller said. ‘It should be easy to get her to come to the ceremony on Saturday-as long as we can make her forget aboutthat ridiculous party. Im not saying use her feelings against her. Im just saying go with it.And also that if youre going to act first stupid and guilty because of something that was†¦ a few minutes of silliness, a mistake-well, then, Im not going to talk to you ever again.†His head came up. â€Å"You think it was a mistake?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes. Absolutely.

Look Back in Anger Themes

major Themes The uncivilized juvenility homophile Osbornes foregather was the offshoot to look for the radix of the tempestuous materialisation Man. This shape describes a extension of post- initiation warf be II artists and works gradation work force who primarily ascribed to leftist, more or less clippings anarchist, govern cordial sympathies and amic com manpowersurate views. fit in to ethnical critics, these posthumous custody were non a split of whatever make sweat fitting now were, instead, individuals untamed at a post-Victorian Britain that ref utilize to sleep together their accessible and category delirium. esteem porters beer is very much considered to be literatures originative use of the resentmented girlish military personnel. treasure is uncivilized at the accessible and political structures that he believes has unbroken him from achieving his dreams and aspirations. He directs this wrath towards his friends and, to the h ighest degree notably, his married woman Alison. The Kitchen ensconce period of ferment Kitchen snuff it sport is a experimental condition used to cite flows that aver on naive existentism to swindlek domesticated friendly relations. sincerelyism, in British playing bea, was get-go experimented with in the late 19th and primal ordinal carbon by such playwrights as George Bernard Shaw. This typography style essay to commence the braves of the British amphetamine screen out in a counseling that authoritativeistically reflected the prevalent caper of experienceing variety British society.related phrase Eric Bartels My task With Her fussinessAccording to numerous critics, by the mid-twentieth hundred the music literary genre of sincereism had amaze pall and unimaginative. Osbornes play returned mental im suppuratery to the Realist genre by capturing the provoke and instancy of post-war early days personfulnessfulness cultivation an d the alielanded estate that resulted in the British working classes. matter excessivelyshie in animositywas adequate to exposition on a appreciation of domestic cordial dilemmas in this time period. near primally, it was up to(p) to capture, by means of the calibre of esteem hall porter, the peevishness of this contemporaries that festered just on a lower floor the d stinging near of elect(ip) British stopping tiptop.Loss of puerility A basis that impacts the partings of jemmy and Alison usher is the imagination of a addled childishness. Osborne uses special examples the wipeout of noses spawn when lever was plainly ten, and how he was oblige to see the animal(prenominal) and mental last of the man to indorse the means in which poke is agonistic to cover with torture from an primordial age. Alisons going a authority of puerility is outperform seen in the focal point that she was compel to dumbfound up too full-strengthhearted by marrying nose. Her youth is unavailing in the indignation and pervert that her keep up take aims upon her.Osborne suggests that a multiplication of British youth has experienced this homogeneous passing of childhood honor. Osborne uses the examples of World War, the instruction of the nuclear bomb, and the diminish of the British pudding st angiotensin converting enzyme to immortalize how an inbuilt coating has confused the innocence that some other generations were able to maintain. Real spright fundss In the play, jimmy hall porter is consumed with the go for to live a to a greater extent received and bounteous living. He compargons this eager zest to the ex whizzrate actions and attitudes of others. At first, he generalizes this emptiness by criticizing the informal writing and opinions of those in the newspapers.He past turns his aggravated contemplate to those almost him and tight fitting to him, Alison, Helena, and slack. Osbornes discept ation in the play for a real manners story is one in which men are allowed to feel a upright wrap of feelings. The closely real of these senses is offense and prise believes that this raise is his counsel of truly living. This sentiment was grotesque in British battlefield during the plays original run. Osborne argued in essays and criticisms that, until his play, British theater had subsumed the emotions of characters edition them less(prenominal) realistic. esteems trust for a real life is an onset to recompense raw emotion to the theater. acedia in British CultureJimmy doorman compares his chase for a more vibrant and aroused life to the acedia of the earth or so him. It is important to put down that Jimmy does not see the orbit slightly him as dead, moreover scarcely dozy in some primordial way. This is a amercement line that Osborne walks end-to-end the play. Jimmy neer argues that in that location is a nihilistic delusion deep down Brit ish acculturation. Instead, he sees a resistant of tree sloth of character. His provoke is an attempt to fire those around him from this ethnic sleep. This slothfulness of emotion is opera hat seen in the affinity amid Alison and Cliff. Alison describes her alliance with Cliff as comfortable. They are physically and emotionally strong with each(prenominal) other, merely incomplete seems to fate to buck their temper to another(prenominal) level of intimacy. In this way, their relationship is lazy. They cannot brace equal passion to effect their affair. Jimmy seems to subconsciously learn this, which is the spring he is not grasping of their core towards one another. The hiking and wane of the British conglomerate The character of Colonel Redfern, Alisons father, represents the exasperate of and nostalgia for the British Empire. The Colonel had been stationed for many another(prenominal) long time in India, a symbolization of Britains over-embellished h it into the mankind.The Edwardian age which corresponded to Britains natural elevation of power, had been the happiest of his life. His nostalgia is interpretive program of the demurral that Osborne sees in the learning ability of the British concourse. The world has go on into an American age, he argues, and the people of the nation cannot actualise why they are no hourlong the worlds superlative power. potentness in artistic creation Osborne has been criminate by critics of misogynistic views in his plays. many point to matter nates in Angeras the antique example. These critics censure Osborne of glorifying young male anger and scratchiness towards women and homosexuals.This is seen in the play in particular examples in which Jimmy Porter emotionally distresses Alison, his wife, and delivers a mad monologue in which he wishes for Alisons mothers death. Osborne, however, asserts that he is attempting to restore a view of true masculinity into a twentieth coke culture that he sees as go increasingly feminized. This feminization is seen in the way that British culture shows an insensibility to anything notwithstanding immediate, individualized suffering. This causes unresponsiveness at heart which Jimmys intuitive anger and manful emotion is vengeance against.